Python 3 Numbers - Math Operators

Python 3: From Scratch to Intermediate BEGINNER LEVEL: Python 3 - Numbers and Booleans
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Transcript

Okay, let's have a look at numbers and math operations in Python three. The first thing I should mention here is that Python defines three numerical types. They are integers, floating point numbers, and complex numbers. The complex numbers are usually used in some advanced math operations, and are not of great interest for our current needs. Instead, we will work a lot with integers and floating point numbers. And that's why we will focus on these two numerical types and their corresponding operators and functions.

So let's define a variable and assign it an integer and another variable associated with a floating point number or a float in short, by the way, the float type refers to real numbers having a decimal point positioned in between the integer part and the fractional part. So let's consider the following numbers. We have num one equals 10 and num two equals 2.5. Let's see type of num one. So class int which means integer and type of non to class float, meaning a floating point number. Now let's see what operations we are able to perform using integers and floating point numbers.

Addition, one plus two for example, or num one plus num two if we decide to use the variables subtraction to minus one, division five divided by two, integer division five divided by two again, this time returning only the integer part of 2.5 multiplication four times two, or raising to a power four to the power of two modulo. This means finding out the remainder after the division of one number by another So let's say five modulo two returns one, because five divided by two equals two with a remainder of one. Now it's time to have a look at the comparison operators. So we have less than four less than five, which is true, greater than five, greater than four, which is again true, less than or equal to four less than or equal to five, greater than or equal to five, greater than or equal to four, which is again, true equals five equals equals five.

This is the way in which you verify the equality between two values or two expressions, and not equals four, not equals five, which is again true. Now let's talk a bit about the order of evaluation for this operators inside the mathematical expression. What if we have to deal with money tuple operators within the same expression, which operations have priority over others? Well, the order is the following. Firstly, the raising to a power operation has the highest priority inside an expression. This means it will always be evaluated first.

Then we have multiplication, division and modulo with equal priorities. And lastly, we have addition and subtraction also with equal priorities. Let's see an example. Let's say 100 minus five to the power of two divided by five times to what would be the correct result here? Well, Python will first evaluate five to the power of two, which returns 25. Then since division and multiplication have the same priority, they will be evaluated from left to right.

So 25 divided by five equals five, then multiplied by two equals 10. And finally, subtraction, having lowest priority in this expression will return 100 minus 10. The final results should be 90. So let's check this. And indeed this is the correct result. Now let's look at two types of conversions.

Let's see how can we convert an integer to a float and vice versa? Well, Python has two functions available for these operations. Let's see them. For example, the INT function int of 1.7. The result is one because the INT function will round down the number in between parentheses to the nearest integer, which is one in this case. Next we have the float function so float of two, the result is 2.0.

The float function will at this point oh, converting to from integer to floating point number. Finally, let's have a look at a few more functions which may come in handy in the future when working with numbers. The ABS function returns the absolute value This is actually the distance between the number we provide in between parentheses and zero. So ABS of five, returns five, since this is the distance between five and zero, next ABS of minus five, sorry, abs of minus five also returns five, since the distance is the same as before. Next, let's start comparing two numbers. Let's use the max function for this.

So max between one and two separated by a comma, returns two, because two is the largest number in between parentheses. Also, we have the min function mean, between one and two will return one because this is the smallest number in between parentheses, of course. And finally, let's see another way of raising to a power, this time using a built in Python function, instead of the double asterisk we've seen before the function is called p o w, and it works like this. So P o w three comma two Where three is the base and two is the exponent or the power, the result should be three to the power of two, which is nine. And indeed, the result is correct. I think this should be more than enough math for now.

So let's move on to Booleans.

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