FOR NEXT Loop

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Transcript

Hey guys, welcome back. So in this video, we're going to discuss the first type of loops, which is the for next loop. So the for next loop has a very simple structure, which is for the value of a counter and this counter is going to be a variable equals start, which is going to be asserting values, which is one for example to end, which is going to be an ending value such as 10. So for x, for example, equals one to 10, we're going to execute some code and then next counter, which is next x, for example. So that means that x is going to take a value of one and then this code is going to be executed. That's going to be the first pass.

And then when we reach the next x statement, we're going to go back and increment the value of x by one to become a two and then execute the code. And then we're going to go to the next x statement and then go back again, increment the value of x by one to become a three, and then execute the code goes to the next statement, and so on and so forth. And we're going to keep on executing the code until the value of x reaches the end value, which is 10. For example, okay, so when the value of x reaches 10 x is going to take the value of 10 execute the code for the 10th time and then because it's the N value, when it reaches the next x statement, it's not going to go back it's just going to execute any code below the for next loop.

So that is the structure of the for next loop. And please note that the start and end values are going to determine how many times the code in between is going to be executed in the upcoming videos as well. We're going to learn about the exit for statement which is going to enable us to exit the for next loop at any point if a certain condition is met. So we're going to learn as well how to exit the loop without depending on reaching the end values. The counter. So let's see an example for the for next loop.

Okay guys, so I've created a Sub procedure here called for next loop, and I'm going to dim x as byte. And then for x is equal to one to 10, next x and then what we're going to do is that we're going to print the value of x in the immediate windows or debug dot print x. So this code, what it's going to do is that it's going to give x to the value of one at the beginning, and then print the value of x, which is going to be one and then it's going to go to the next x statement, it's going to increment the value of x by one to become a two, and so on and so forth. So let's go through the code together. Basically, the value of x is going to be printed here in the immediate window. So I'm going to go through the code step by step here by pressing f8 on my keyboard.

And, as you can see here, first of all the value of x is equal to one as you can see here when we highlighting it I'm going to print the value of x here, which is going to be one, and then when it reaches the next x statement, and because the value of x is still less than the end value, we're going to go back and increment the value of x by one to become a two. And then we're going to print the value of x here. And then we're going to increment the value to become a three after we reach the next statement, print it. And if we keep doing that, you can see here that the values of x have been printed here at the bottom. And after we reach the value of 10. Here is the next statement.

Now the value of x is 10, as you can see here, and we reached the next x statement. So what's gonna happen, we're not gonna go back, we're going to exit the loop because we've reached the end value for x, and we've exited the loop and we're going to execute any code after the loop and the moment only the end sub line happens to be the line after the code. So we're gonna execute the end sub line here. And just end the macro. So that simply is the for next loop. This is the simplest structure for the for next loop, the value of x is incremented by one by default, however, we will see shortly how we can change the incrementing value, or the value that x is incremented by, so we can make it get incremented by two, for example, so it's going to become 135.

And we can increment backwards as well like we can do a countdown. So 10 eight, six, we can do that as well. We're going to see that shortly. Another example that we can have here is actually using the cells collection object inside the for next loop. So as you can see here, this is a for next loop for x equals one to 10. The action that we're going to take or the code we're going to repeat is basically cells x comma one equals x.

So At the beginning of the loop, and on the first pass, x is going to be assigned a value of one. So this is going to yield cells, one comma one equals one, two, this is going to put the value of one and sell a one. And then x is going to be incremented by one on the second pass, so it's going to be cells, two comma one equals two. So cell, a two is going to be populated with the value of two. And basically, we're going to fill the cells a one to a 10, with the numbers one to 10, using this code, and remember guys, when we're speaking actually about the cells collection object, and we said that it's very useful because it uses numbers, instead of saying sell a two for example, we specify the number for the row number and the column number for the cell.

So this is why the cells collection object is useful, and we've spoken about that and here we're actually demonstrating how useful it is. So if we run the code step by step here, Using f8 on our keyboard, you can see here, first of all, x takes the value of one. And because it's the value of one, you can see that the value of one is put in cell A one and then on the second pass, we're going to get the value of two put in cell A two. And if we keep on pressing f8 on our keyboard, here, the value of x now is stench is going to go to sell a 10 put a ton. And because we've reached the end value for our loop, we're not going to loop again off to the next next statement here, we're going to execute the following statement, which is n sub, so we're going to exit our macros.

So that's another example actually, of using the for next loop with the cells collection object to loop through cells. We're going to see as well how to loop through cells using the for each loop later on in the course. But this is one way to loop through cells. There's another way which is using the for each loop as well. Okay guys, so now we're gonna see how to change the increment. mutation value for our variable.

So we said that by default, the value is incremented by one, however, we can change that value. So here we're going to make our value get incremented by two. So for example, the first pass in this loop is going to be x having the value of five and then the second pass is going to be x having the value of seven, therefore incremented by two, and then the third pass is going to be x having the value of nine and then 11, and then 13, and then 15. And how you change the incrementation value is basically using using this step word. So this step word controls your incrementation values. So here we've written step two, and our value gets incremented by two, if you write three, then the value is going to be incremented by three and so on and so forth.

So if we go through this code, step by step here, is here on the first pass, the value of x is going to be five and then when we reach the next x statement, The value is going to be incremented by two. So now the value of x is seven. You can see here that the value is printed here at the bottom seven, and then nine and then 11, and then 13, and then 15. And then when we reach 15, we exit the loop and sub. Okay, so this is how you can change the incrementation value, you can also increment backwards. So here for x equals to 15 to five, step negative two is going to increment backwards or do a countdown.

So basically x is going to take the value of 15. And then on the second pass is going to be 1311 nine seven until we reach a value of five. However, I want to show you something actually, because this is not going to work with the variable type being a byte. And the reason for that is that the bytes value is between zero and 255. We get an over flow. And although the value of x is not going to be outside the range of the bite, actually, I believe that the value of x is given a value of negative two, which is outside the range for the bite.

So it's given a value of negative two, I think and then it's added to the current value of x. So adding a negative two to a current value of x would just increment it backwards by negative two. But it doesn't work, the bite does not work. So it is better to do an integer in this case, and then if we run this code, we're going to actually have a countdown 15 1311 975 and then and sub. Okay, so this is how you can control the incrementation value for your variable and you can do a negative value that is you can count down as well. You can also do a decimal value for the incrementation value but You need to make sure to change the datatype for your variable to something that can hold decimals, because the integer cannot hold decimals.

So here we can do 15 to five with the step negative 0.5. And that means that we're going to count down by a half, so 15 14.5 14 13.5 and this can take too long. So I'm just going to execute the macro straight away, not step by step until we reach the value of five as you can see here, and you can also do a positive decimal as well. So if you make this just opened five, and you make this five to 15, you can increment with a step of positive 0.5 as well. Just make sure that you select the correct variable data type. Okay, so that's it guys for the for next loop.

Thank you very much for watching this video and I'll see you on the next one.

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